Conditions we treat.

From short-sightedness to retinitis pigmentosa. If it affects your eye, your eyelid or your vision, there’s a senior consultant at 22a who has dedicated their career to it.

Home » Conditions We Treat

Refractive conditions

Blur, glare and discomfort from how light focuses on your retina - typically correctable with laser, ICL or lens-based surgery.

Myopia (short-sightedness)

Distant objects appear blurred; near vision is clear. The most common refractive error worldwide.

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Hyperopia (long-sightedness)

Near vision feels strained or blurred; distance may also become unfocused with age.

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Astigmatism

An irregularly-shaped cornea causes distorted vision at all distances. Often present alongside short- or long-sightedness.

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Presbyopia

The age-related loss of near focus. Typically begins in the mid-40s and progresses through your 50s.

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Cataracts

A clouding of the natural lens – symptoms include glare, dull colours, halos at night and a gradual blur.

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Posterior capsule opacification (PCO)

Cloudiness behind a previously-implanted lens, sometimes months or years after cataract surgery.

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High prescription

Prescriptions outside the comfortable range of laser correction – often best addressed with lens-based surgery.

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Cataract & lens conditions

The natural lens of the eye clouds, hardens or loses focusing ability with age. Modern lens surgery often restores sharper vision than glasses can.

Corneal & keratoconus

The cornea is the eye's clear front window. Its shape, thickness and clarity determine how sharply you see.

Keratoconus

Progressive thinning and bulging of the cornea, typically diagnosed in the teens or twenties. We’re an international centre of excellence for this disease.

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Corneal scarring

Opacities from infection, trauma or previous surgery affecting vision and comfort.

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Pellucid marginal degeneration

A rarer cousin of keratoconus, with thinning at the lower cornea.

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Post-LASIK ectasia

Progressive corneal weakening after previous laser surgery – referred to us by other clinics.

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Retinitis pigmentosa

A genetic retinal disease that gradually narrows your visual field and reduces night vision. We offer the UK’s exclusive at-home Okuvision TES therapy.

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Macular degeneration (AMD)

Loss of central vision, typically age-related. The wet form needs prompt treatment to preserve sight.

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Diabetic retinopathy / DME

Diabetes-related damage to retinal blood vessels, including macular oedema.

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Retinal detachment

An urgent surgical emergency. We can perform vitrectomy within 48 hours when clinically required.

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Vitreous floaters / haemorrhage

Drifting shadows or sudden vision loss from vitreous changes or bleeding.

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Retinal conditions

The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Conditions here range from urgent surgical to gradual degenerative.

Dry eye & ocular surface

Discomfort, grittiness, watering, fluctuating vision - dry eye is one of the most under-diagnosed eye problems and often the most rewarding to treat.

Dry eye disease

Insufficient or poor-quality tear film. Symptoms include burning, grittiness and intermittent blur.

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Meibomian gland dysfunction

Blocked oil glands at the eyelid edge – the most common cause of evaporative dry eye.

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Blepharitis

Inflammation of the eyelid margin with crusting, irritation and recurrent styes.

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Demodex blepharitis

A specific form caused by demodex mites – often resistant to conventional treatment.

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Chalazion

A persistent lump in the eyelid from a blocked gland.

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Open-angle glaucoma

The most common form – slow, often symptomless damage to the optic nerve.

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Angle-closure glaucoma

A more urgent form with risk of sudden pressure rise.

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Ocular hypertension

Raised pressure without nerve damage yet – monitored to prevent progression.

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Glaucoma

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, typically because of raised pressure in the eye. Early detection is everything.

Eyelid, cosmetic & oculoplastic

Functional and aesthetic eyelid conditions, from droop and asymmetry to scarring and reconstructive needs.

Ptosis (drooping eyelid)

Heavy or low upper lids – can be functional, congenital or age-related.

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Dermatochalasis (excess upper-lid skin)

Loose, hooded skin overhanging the eyelid edge.

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Lower-lid bags

Puffiness, fat prolapse and dark hollows.

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Entropion / ectropion

Inward or outward turning of the eyelid edge causing irritation and tearing.

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Eyelid nevi & lesions

Pigmented or growing eyelid lumps.

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Strabismus (squint)

Eyes that don’t align – affects depth perception and binocular vision.

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Amblyopia (lazy eye)

Reduced vision in one eye despite correction – best treated early.

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Refractive errors in children

Short-sightedness, long-sightedness and astigmatism – managed conservatively.

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Paediatric & strabismus

Children need a different kind of consultation. Calm, patient and consultant-led - for both routine and complex paediatric eye problems.

Tell us your symptoms.

A short conversation usually points to the right specialist. Most assessments are seen within the week.